Photosynthetic solar cells are devices that respond to light and convert light energy into electricity. There are many types of materials that can generate photovoltaic effects, such as monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, gallium arsenide, selenium indium copper, etc. Their principle of power generation is basically the same, and now we will use crystals as an example to describe the process of photovoltaic power generation. P-type crystalline silicon can be doped with phosphorus to obtain N-type silicon, forming a p-N junction.
When light shines on the surface of a solar cell, a portion of the photons are absorbed by the silicon material; The energy of photons is transferred to silicon atoms, causing electrons to transition and become free electrons. They gather on both sides of the p-N junction, forming a potential difference. When an external circuit is connected, under the action of this voltage, a current will flow through the external circuit to generate a certain output power. The essence of this process is the conversion of photon energy into electrical energy.