Solar photovoltaic power generation system is a new type of power generation system that utilizes the photovoltaic effect of semiconductor materials in solar cells to directly convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy.
The composition of solar photovoltaic power generation systems
1. Solar cell array
The core and most important part of a solar photovoltaic power generation system. Its function is to convert solar energy into electrical energy and send it to a battery for storage, or to drive the load to work. The working voltage of a single solar cell is about 0.45V-0.5V, and the working current is about 20mA/cm ²~ 25mA/cm ². The solar cell cells are packaged in series and parallel to form solar cell modules. The solar cell modules are installed in series and parallel on the bracket to form a solar cell array.
2. Controller
The controller is one of the core components of photovoltaic power generation systems, and its main functions include charging control and over discharge protection for the battery, regulating and distributing the input/output power of the system, and detecting the conditions and parameters of input voltage, charging current, output voltage, output current, and battery temperature rise. In addition, the controller also endows the system equipment with functions such as protection and fault diagnosis and positioning.
3. Battery pack
The function of a battery is to store the electrical energy emitted by the solar cell array when exposed to light and discharge it to the load at any time. In general systems, when the power of solar power generation drops sharply, the battery acts as a buffer to ensure voltage stability. The basic requirements for batteries in photovoltaic power generation systems include low self discharge rate, long service life, strong deep discharge capacity, high charging efficiency, minimal or no maintenance, wide operating temperature range, and low price.
4. Inverter
An inverter is a device that converts the direct current generated by photovoltaic power generation into alternating current. Photovoltaic inverters play an important role in maintaining balance in photovoltaic systems and can be used in conjunction with general AC power supply equipment. Inverters can be divided into independent operating inverters and grid connected inverters according to their operating modes. Independent operating inverters are used for solar cell power generation systems that operate independently and provide power to independent loads. Grid connected inverters are used in solar cell power generation systems for grid connected operation, which feed the generated electricity into the grid.
5. Load
Load refers to a device or equipment powered by alternating current. In photovoltaic power generation systems, it is necessary to accurately adjust the load working point to match the maximum power point output by the solar panel according to the load characteristics, in order to achieve the maximum power output of the photovoltaic system.