The solar power generation system consists of solar panels, solar controllers, and batteries. If the output power is AC 220V or 110V, an inverter is also required. The functions of each part are:
Solar panels
Solar panels are the core part of the solar power generation system and are also the most valuable part of the solar power generation system. Its function is to convert the sun's radiation energy into electrical energy, or send it to the battery for storage, or drive the load to work. The quality and cost of solar panels will directly determine the quality and cost of the entire system.
Solar controller
The function of the solar controller is to control the working state of the entire system and to protect the battery from overcharge and overdischarge. In places with large temperature differences, a qualified controller should also have the function of temperature compensation. Other additional functions such as light-controlled switches and time-controlled switches should be functions that the controller should have.
Batteries
Generally lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries or lithium batteries can also be used in small systems. Since the input energy of the solar photovoltaic power generation system is extremely unstable, it generally requires a battery system to work. Its function is to store the electricity generated by the solar panel when there is light, and release it when needed.
Inverter
In many occasions, 220VAC, 110VAC AC power is required. Since the direct output of solar energy is generally 12VDC, 24VDC, 48VDC, in order to provide power to 220VAC appliances, the DC power generated by the solar power generation system needs to be converted into AC power, so a DC-AC inverter is needed. In some occasions, when multiple voltage loads are required, a DC-DC inverter is also used, such as converting 24VDC power into 5VDC power.